Malware – What Is It and How Can You Stop It?

Malware is malicious software that is installed on a computer without the user’s consent. The harmful effects of these programs range from the loss of valuable files to identity theft and credit card fraud. There are a range of programs that fall under the category of malware, including computer viruses, Trojans, spyware, adware and crimeware.

Over the past 15 years, hackers have been able to exploit loopholes in software to allow them to install malware on users’ computers. For example, when surfing the Internet, many legitimate websites, such as online game or video websites, require the installation of software components to run properly. Browsers often automatically load these components without asking the user so that an uninterrupted website experience is provided. Malware developers have exploited this function by setting up the malware as a normal component of a website, even though it has no function other than to harm the user’s computer. Alternatively, forms of malware may sometimes be packaged with useful software from the software supplier.

Types of Malware

There are several forms of malware that can harm your computer, and even your safety, in different ways. Among the most common are computer viruses. Viruses are files that can be downloaded or installed onto your computer by visiting websites containing the virus, by opening e-mail attachments from unknown sources, or by downloading what seem like innocent files. The virus file often takes the form of well known computer programs and files, such as PDF, Microsoft Word documents or mp3 files.

Trojan horses are computer viruses that, when installed, allow others to control your computer. If your computer has a Trojan installed on it, hackers may have access to your personal files, and may be able to change or delete files without your knowing. Most importantly, a Trojan may allow hackers to infect your computer with more viruses, which can then be used to steal your information or even erase your hard drive.

Spyware, adware and crimeware are programs that are installed onto a computer, and can be used for financial gain or even identity theft. Spyware is often used to monitor your activities on your computer, including the websites you visit and passwords you use. Adware is commonly used for financial gain, and may cause spontaneous pop-up ads, or re-route normal websites to advertising sites. Additionally, adware may collect your browsing habits to sell to marketing companies. Crimeware is malware designed to steal your identity by using credit card numbers or bank information.

How to Protect Yourself Against Malware

If your system is left unprotected, you are at a high risk for malware to be installed on your computer without your knowledge, simply by browsing the web. Fortunately, there are a number of ways to protect your computer from infection with malware. The first thing you should do is ensure your computer has anti-virus software installed that includes a subscription that downloads updates. These programs will detect and remove any viruses on your computer, and block your computer from future infections by viruses.

Second, you can download anti-spyware software. This functions similarly to anti-virus software, in that the program will scan your computer for known adware, spyware and crimeware programs and remove them. They can also prevent future infection by these types of malware. There are several anti-spyware programs available from reputable sources, and some anti-virus software programs also protect against spyware.
Finally, you should install a firewall. Firewalls essentially act as barriers to protect your computer from threatening connections, like those seen with Trojans. The role of a firewall is to protect your computer from outside control. Several anti-virus software programs include firewall and Internet security features.

Although there are a number of malicious software programs online, if you have up-to-date anti-virus, anti-spyware programs and a firewall, you should be safe from infection by harmful software. The investment in protective software will not only remove malware from your computer, but it will keep your computer safe in the future, giving you peace of mind when you surf the net.